Additionally, analysis of placental tissue of some of the marijuana users revealed changes to genes linked to immunity. This might lead to inflammation and less resistance to germs, the researchers said. And the marijuana-related changes in these immune networks predicted higher levels of anxiety in the children, the study found.

Hurd said that they don’t know if the children will outgrow these issues. If they continue, the behavioral problems can affect education and social development, she said.

“We need to know what happens to these children later in life,” she said. “They may be completely fine, or they may need interventions to help them to overcome some of the behavioral problems they have — that’s really critical,” Hurd said.

At the moment, however, the researchers don’t have the funds to continue the research.

These findings are not unique. A study published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry in September 2020 found that children exposed to pot in the womb were more likely to experience internalizing disorders, such as depression and anxiety, as well as externalizing disorders, such as lashing out at others or ADHD.

Also, an April 2021 study in the journal Addiction found that mothers who used pot during pregnancy were more likely to have premature, underweight babies.

Dr. Scott Krakower is an attending psychiatrist who specializes in treating substance abuse at Zucker Hillside Hospital in Glen Oaks, N.Y.

This study suggests using marijuana during pregnancy can have consequences in neurodevelopment throughout infancy and in later years of childhood, said Krakower, who was not involved with the study.

“Future mothers should be cautioned on the use of cannabis during pregnancy, and additional outreach should be considered to target at-risk populations,” he said. “Given that cannabis is becoming increasingly commercialized, it is important to warn the public about potential harms of this agent during the perinatal period.”

The new report was published Nov. 15 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.

More information

For more on cannabis and pregnancy, see the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

SOURCES: Yasmin Hurd, PhD, chair, translational neuroscience, director, Addiction Institute at Mount Sinai, New York City; Scott Krakower, DO, attending psychiatrist, child and adolescent psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y.; Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, Nov. 15, 2021